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Endoscopic findings in children with stridor
Regina H G Martins1, Norimar H Dias, Emanuel C Castilho
1Faculty of the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Paulista State University, SP, Brazil. rmartins@fmb.unesp.br
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|January 16, 2007
Summary
Pediatric stridor, often linked to intubation complications, requires thorough endoscopic evaluation. Subglottic stenosis and airway inflammation are key findings in children under five.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Neonatal Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Congenital and acquired airway diseases cause significant upper respiratory distress and stridor in children.
- Increased survival rates in premature infants have led to a higher incidence of airway complications, particularly stridor post-intubation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze endoscopic findings in pediatric patients presenting with stridor.
- To identify common causes and endoscopic findings associated with stridor in children.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study.
- Analysis of endoscopic examinations in 55 children with stridor, conducted between January 1997 and December 2003.
Main Results:
- The majority of patients (69%) were under one year old.
- Post-extubation stridor was the primary indication for endoscopy (63.63%), followed by neonatal stridor evaluation (21.82%).
- Subglottic stenosis (27.27%) and airway inflammatory processes (21.82%) were significant endoscopic findings, often necessitating tracheotomy, particularly in children under five. Associated conditions included lung disease (60%), neurological conditions (45.4%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (40%).
Conclusions:
- Neonatal stridor has diverse etiologies, with intubation-related issues being prevalent in specialized care settings.
- Pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists must conduct detailed clinical evaluations to ascertain stridor severity.
- Meticulous endoscopic examination is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of pediatric stridor.
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