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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Apoptosis during herpes simplex virus infection.

Marie L Nguyen1, John A Blaho

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.

Advances in Virus Research
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can trigger and also prevent cell death. This apoptosis modulation is key to understanding herpetic disease development and viral pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection induces apoptosis in host cells.
  • Viral proteins synthesized during infection can inhibit this programmed cell death.
  • Apoptosis is implicated in herpetic diseases like stromal keratitis and encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the viral factors involved in inducing and inhibiting apoptosis during HSV infection.
  • To explore the mechanisms of apoptotic modulation by HSV.
  • To highlight the role of host factors in the cellular response to HSV-induced apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on HSV and apoptosis.
  • Analysis of viral and host factors influencing apoptotic pathways.

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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

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Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

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  • Synthesis of current understanding of virus-host interactions in HSV infection.

    • Main Results:

    • HSV actively manipulates apoptosis, both inducing and inhibiting it.
    • Viral proteins are identified as key players in controlling apoptosis.
    • Host cellular responses to HSV-induced apoptosis are diverse and significant.

    Conclusions:

    • Apoptosis modulation is a critical aspect of HSV pathogenesis.
    • Understanding these virus-host interactions is essential for comprehending herpetic disease.
    • Further research into the mechanisms of apoptotic control is needed.