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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
Protein Folding01:25

Protein Folding

Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

Overview
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

Overview

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Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:52

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: July 9, 2013

Current status of technical protein refolding.

Alois Jungbauer1, Waltraud Kaar

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Center of Biopharmaceutical Technology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. alois.jungbauer@boku.ac.at

Journal of Biotechnology
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Producing proteins in microbes often creates insoluble aggregates. This review explores efficient refolding methods like dilution and matrix-assisted refolding for industrial protein production.

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Published on: January 24, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Heterologous protein expression in microbial hosts commonly results in insoluble aggregate formation.
  • Efficient downstream processing strategies are crucial for maximizing cellular production capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review general refolding kinetics and explore suitable refolding conditions.
  • To discuss major refolding operations for industrial applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on protein refolding techniques.
  • Discussion of dilution, matrix-assisted refolding, pressure-driven refolding, and continuous refolding.

Main Results:

  • Lab-scale matrix-assisted refolding is popular for histidine-tagged proteins.
  • Production-scale refolding predominantly uses dilution, despite challenges with large volumes and low protein concentration.
  • Process development focuses on reproducible conditions, cost reduction, and product quality.

Conclusions:

  • Scaling up dilution refolding presents significant challenges for liquid handling and downstream processing.
  • Industrial applicability of various refolding methods requires careful consideration of efficiency, cost, and scalability.