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Rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis

Sean P Elliott1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, USA. selliott@peds.arizona.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|January 16, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Rat bite fever, caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, is a serious illness often missed due to vague symptoms and difficult diagnosis. Early recognition is crucial as untreated cases have a 10% mortality rate.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rat bite fever (RBF) is a systemic illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis.
  • Classical symptoms include fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias.
  • Untreated RBF has a 10% mortality rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and biological features of RBF and Streptobacillus moniliformis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and features that aid in diagnosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering RBF given the rise in pet rodents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and microbiological data on Rat Bite Fever.
  • Analysis of diagnostic difficulties associated with Streptobacillus moniliformis.
  • Synthesis of information on RBF presentation and causative agent.

Main Results:

  • Rat bite fever presents non-specifically, often delaying diagnosis.
  • Difficulties in culturing Streptobacillus moniliformis contribute to diagnostic delays.
  • Increased prevalence of pet rodents necessitates greater awareness of RBF.

Conclusions:

  • Rat bite fever requires increased clinical and microbiological attention.
  • Distinguishing features are essential for timely and accurate diagnosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to reduce RBF mortality.

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