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Coccygeal movement: assessment with dynamic MRI.

Roberto Grassi1, Giulio Lombardi, Alfonso Reginelli

  • 1Institute of Radiology, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy. Roberto.grassi@unina2.it

European Journal of Radiology
|January 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic MRI demonstrates coccygeal mobility during defecation. This study introduces measurement methods to assess coccygeal movement, finding the coccyx is mobile in most individuals, regardless of age, sex, or trauma history.

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Area of Science:

  • Pelvic floor imaging
  • Anatomical biomechanics
  • Diagnostic radiology

Background:

  • Chronic coccygodynia presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the imaging of coccygeal movement.
  • Dynamic MRI offers a potential method to visualize coccygeal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate measurement techniques for assessing coccygeal mobility.
  • To demonstrate coccygeal movement during defecation using dynamic MRI.
  • To analyze coccygeal excursions during maximum contraction and straining-evacuation phases.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor in 112 asymptomatic individuals.
  • Assessment of five measurement methods, including three angles and two distances.
  • Comparison of measurements during maximum contraction and straining-evacuation.

Main Results:

  • Coccygeal mobility was observed in nearly all participants.
  • Measurement values for distances ranged from 9 to 9.4mm.
  • Angle measurements showed differences between 21 and 38 degrees, with two angles indicating significant excursion.

Conclusions:

  • The coccyx exhibits mobility during defecation, demonstrable via dynamic MRI.
  • The proposed measurement methods reliably show coccygeal excursion.
  • No correlation was found between coccygeal movement and demographic factors or trauma history.