Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
Published on: March 12, 2019
A comparison of broadband models for sand sediments
1Mathematics Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
Abstract:
Chotiros and Isakson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116(4), 2011-2022 (2004)] recently proposed an extension of the Biot-Stoll model for poroelastic sediments that makes predictions for compressional wave speed and attenuation, which are in much better accord with the experimental measurements of these quantities extant in the literature than either those of the conventional Biot-Stoll model or the rival model of Buckingham [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108(6), 2796-2815 (2000)]. Using a local minimizer, the Nelder-Mead simplex method, it is shown that there are generally at least two choices of the Chotiros-Isakson parameters which produce good agreement with experimental measurements. Since one postulate of the Chotiros-Isakson model is that, due to the presence of air bubbles in the pore space, the pore fluid compressibility is greater than that of water, an alternative model based on a conjecture by Biot [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34(5), 1254-1264 (1962)], air bubble resonance, is considered. While this model does as well or better than the Chotiros-Isakson model in predicting measured values of wave speed and attenuation, the Rayleigh-Plesset theory of bubble oscillation casts doubt on its plausibility as a general explanation of large dispersion of velocity with respect to frequency.
Related Concept Videos
Typical Model Studies
Design Example: Aggregate Gradation
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is sampled...
Bulk Density of Aggregate
Most natural mineral aggregates, like sand and gravel,...
Fineness Modulus
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the aggregate...

