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Related Concept Videos

The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur cycle.In oxic environments,...
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
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Sulfur: not a "silent" element any more.

Farideh Jalilehvand1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaT2N 1N4. faridehj@ucalgary.ca

Chemical Society Reviews
|January 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sulfur X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy reveals the diverse roles of sulfur in natural samples. This technique is crucial for understanding sulfur

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sulfur is a vital element with diverse functions in biological systems, environmental processes, and industrial applications.
  • Natural samples contain a wide variety of sulfur functional groups and oxidation states, necessitating advanced analytical techniques.
  • The development of dedicated X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in the mid-1980s enabled detailed sulfur characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of sulfur XANES spectroscopic investigations.
  • To highlight the role of sulfur in various natural sample types.
  • To demonstrate the utility of XANES for analyzing sulfur's complex chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.

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  • Focuses on the analysis of sulfur functional groups and oxidation states.
  • Applies the technique to a broad range of natural samples.

    • Main Results:

    • Sulfur XANES spectroscopy effectively characterizes diverse sulfur forms in natural materials.
    • The technique elucidates sulfur's involvement across environmental and biological contexts.
    • Investigations span samples including sediments, oils, marine-archaeological wood, and plants.

    Conclusions:

    • Sulfur XANES spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for understanding sulfur's multifaceted roles.
    • This method facilitates detailed analysis of sulfur in complex natural matrices.
    • Further research using sulfur XANES will deepen our comprehension of biogeochemical cycles and industrial processes.