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Related Experiment Videos

Transverse humeral ligament: does it exist?

K MacDonald1, J Bridger, C Cash

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. agatha@another.com

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|January 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The transverse humeral ligament (THL) may not be a distinct structure. Instead, it appears to be formed by subscapularis tendon fibers within a fibrous expansion from the pectoralis major tendon, particularly in shoulder anatomy.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The transverse humeral ligament (THL) is traditionally described as a distinct anatomical structure.
  • Its precise anatomical nature and relationship with surrounding tendons, particularly the subscapularis tendon, remain subjects of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the anatomical existence and composition of the transverse humeral ligament (THL).
  • To investigate variations in the insertion of the subscapularis tendon in relation to the long head of the biceps tendon.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 85 embalmed adult shoulders.
  • Detailed examination of the structures overlying the long head of the biceps tendon as it exits the shoulder joint capsule.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • No distinct transverse humeral ligament (THL) was identified in any specimen.
  • A fibrous expansion, originating from the pectoralis major tendon, consistently covered the long head of the biceps tendon.
  • In 86% of shoulders, subscapularis tendon fibers were incorporated into this expansion, inserting onto the greater tubercle.
  • Variations in subscapularis tendon insertion deep to the biceps tendon were observed in 33% of cases.
  • Exclusive insertion of the subscapularis tendon onto the lesser tubercle occurred in only 8% of shoulders.

Conclusions:

  • The transverse humeral ligament (THL) likely does not exist as a separate anatomical entity.
  • The structure typically identified as the THL is composed of subscapularis tendon fibers within a fibrous expansion from the pectoralis major tendon.
  • This complex may function as a retinaculum, stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon, especially when the subscapularis tendon has a typical lesser tubercle insertion.