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Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Need telomere maintenance? Call 911.

Sofia Francia¹, Robert S Weiss, Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna

¹IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy. sofia.francia@ifom-ieo-campus.it

|January 19, 2007

Summary

The Rad9/Hus1/Rad1 (911) complex is crucial for maintaining telomeres, the protective caps on chromosome ends. This complex constitutively associates with telomeres, preventing DNA damage responses at these critical DNA regions.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Cellular discontinuities, like DNA damage, trigger repair mechanisms.
Linear chromosomes have specialized ends called telomeres that avoid repair.
The precise mechanisms by which telomeres evade detection remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the Rad9/Hus1/Rad1 (911) complex in telomere maintenance.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which the 911 complex functions at telomeres.

Main Methods:

Constitutive association of the 911 complex with telomeres was observed.
The study focused on the role of 911 in DNA metabolism and damage responses.

Main Results:

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Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

The Rad9/Hus1/Rad1 (911) complex is constitutively present at telomeres.

The 911 complex plays a significant role in telomere maintenance.

The 911 complex appears to prevent inappropriate DNA damage responses at telomeres.

Conclusions:

The Rad9/Hus1/Rad1 (911) complex is a key player in telomere biology.
Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of 911 action at telomeres.