Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

Botulism

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spatial mapping of Notch signaling components along the bull genital tract and in epididymal and vas deferens vesicles.

Animal reproduction science·2026

Same author

Effects of sediment on a rocky intertidal habitat-forming species and its harboured invertebrate assemblages.

Marine environmental research·2026

Same author

Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A randomized clinical trial.

The journal of spinal cord medicine·2026

Same author

Assessing public economic gains from expanding HPV vaccination in Portugal: a governmental perspective analysis.

Journal of medical economics·2026

Same author

ATMPs prepared under hospital exemption: European Blood Alliance position paper.

HemaSphere·2025

Same author

Tongue pressure in sarcopenic and dynapenic elderly.

CoDAS·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

Does botulinum toxin decrease frequency and severity of sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease?

Ana Caline Nóbrega¹, Bernardo Rodrigues, Ana Catarina Torres

¹Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

|January 19, 2007

Summary

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections effectively reduced drooling severity in most Parkinson's disease patients. However, some patients experienced persistent drooling frequency, suggesting potential swallowing difficulties requiring further investigation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurology
Gastroenterology
Pharmacology

Background:

Drooling, or sialorrhea, is a common and distressing symptom in Parkinson's disease.
Current treatments for drooling in Parkinson's disease have limitations.
Botulinum toxin type A is a potential therapeutic agent for sialorrhea.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in reducing drooling in Parkinson's disease patients.
To assess both the severity and frequency of drooling after BTX-A treatment.

Main Methods:

A study involving 21 Parkinson's disease patients with drooling.
Intraglandular injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) into the parotid glands.
Assessment of drooling severity and frequency before and after treatment.

Main Results:

Significant decrease in drooling severity observed in 86% of patients.
Reduced drooling frequency noted in 38% of patients.
52% of patients maintained constant drooling frequency, potentially indicating underlying swallowing issues.

Conclusions:

Botulinum toxin type A injections are effective in decreasing drooling severity in Parkinson's disease.
Persistent drooling frequency in some patients may correlate with swallowing dysfunction.
Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between swallowing difficulties and drooling response to BTX-A.