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Physiologically based controller for generating overground locomotion using functional electrical stimulation.

Lisa Guevremont1, Jonathan A Norton, Vivian K Mushahwar

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|January 19, 2007
PubMed
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Researchers developed physiologically based controllers to restore locomotion after spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation. A combined controller, integrating intrinsic timing and sensory feedback, shows promise for robust overground movement.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Locomotion control involves supraspinal signals and spinal cord circuitry.
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts motor control, necessitating assistive technologies.
  • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a key modality for restoring function after neurological damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate physiologically based controllers for restoring overground locomotion post-neurological damage.
  • To compare intrinsically timed and sensory-based controllers for functional electrical stimulation-assisted stepping.
  • To investigate the efficacy of a combined controller integrating both approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented and tested intrinsically timed, sensory-based, and combined controllers in anesthetized cats.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Used intramuscular electrodes for functional electrical stimulation of hindlimb muscles.
  • Measured ground reaction forces and limb positions during locomotion on a sliding trolley.

    • Main Results:

    • Both intrinsically timed and sensory-driven controllers enabled basic stepping (2.5m, 5-12 steps).
    • Intrinsically timed controllers offered easier initial setup but lacked adaptability to resistance and fatigue.
    • Neither system consistently ensured load-bearing stepping, highlighting limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • A combined controller, leveraging intrinsic timing with sensory-based resets, is proposed for robust locomotion.
    • This hybrid approach may offer superior functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
    • Further research is needed to optimize combined controller strategies for clinical application.