Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

Pediatric reference values for molecular markers in hemostasis

Darintr Sosothikul1, Panya Seksarn, Jeanne M Lusher

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. dsosothikul@hotmail.com

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|January 19, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hemostasis differs from adults, with younger children showing higher soluble thrombomodulin, prothrombin time, tissue factor, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and D-dimer. These findings aid in diagnosing bleeding disorders in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Hemostasis and Thrombosis
  • Clinical Coagulation

Background:

  • The hemostatic system undergoes significant age-related development and change.
  • Understanding these age-specific alterations is crucial for accurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate distinct hemostatic parameters between pediatric and adult populations.
  • To establish normative reference ranges for hemostatic markers across various pediatric age strata.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from healthy children (1-18 years, n=70) and adults (n=26).
  • Children were stratified into three age cohorts: 1-5 years, 6-10 years, and 11-18 years.
  • Comprehensive analysis of coagulation and fibrinolysis markers was performed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in mean levels of von Willebrand factor, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, activated factor VII, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor between children and adults.
  • Younger children (1-5 years) exhibited significantly higher mean values for soluble thrombomodulin, prothrombin time, tissue factor, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and D-dimer compared to adults.
  • Conversely, children aged 1-5 years demonstrated significantly lower mean protein C activity than adults.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights inherent physiological variations in the hemostatic system between children and adults.
  • These findings provide a valuable reference for interpreting coagulation test results in pediatric patients, particularly those with suspected bleeding disorders.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time09:38

A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time

Published on: February 14, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...