Computer simulations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced membrane properties in a neuron model

1. To evaluate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in simulations of the lamprey spinal locomotor network, we developed a computer-simulated electrical model of a neuron that contains NMDA channels in addition to voltage-gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels [K(Ca) channels]. 2. The voltage dependence of the Mg2+ block of the Na(+)-K+ current flow through the NMDA channel was modeled according to a scheme of open-channel block. To account for the regulation of K(Ca) channels by NMDA and membrane voltage, we modeled two separate Ca2+ pools that had different voltage dependencies and dynamics. 3. Pacemaker-like membrane potential oscillations could be elicited in the model neuron, which resembled those observed experimentally in the presence of bath-applied NMDA and tetrodotoxin. The effect of changing different channel parameters were tested to determine under which conditions such membrane potential oscillations could occur. 4. The oscillation amplitude was determined by the potential levels at which the NMDA channels and voltage-dependent K+ channels, respectively, were activated. The oscillation frequency and the relative durations of the de- and hyperpolarized phases of the oscillations were determined by the balance between the depolarizing (NMDA channels) and hyperpolarizing [K(Ca) channels] currents. 5. Simulated alterations of the Mg2+ concentration and the K+ conductance as well as injection of constant current caused changes of the oscillations corresponding to those observed experimentally. The de- and hyperpolarizing phases could be reset by brief current pulses. 6. We conclude that the present model can account for the effects of bath-applied NMDA on spinal neurons. This permits an incorporation of NMDA-receptor-mediated properties in simulation models of the lamprey locomotor network.