Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Cyclophosphamide toxicity. Characterising and avoiding the problem.

L H Fraiser1, S Kanekal, J P Kehrer

  • 1Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin.

Drugs
|November 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Cyclophosphamide is an effective chemotherapy drug but causes toxicities like bladder damage and hair loss. Understanding its metabolic activation could lead to better treatments with fewer side effects.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential toxicities of cyclophosphamide and its glutathione metabolites to A549 cells.

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA·2010
Same author

Roles of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Cell biology and toxicology·2003
Same author

Report by the editors.

Toxicology letters·2003
Same author

Acute exposure of cerebellar granule neurons to ethanol suppresses stress-activated protein kinase-1 and concomitantly induces AP-1.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology·2001
Same author

Proteolytic loss of bcl-x(L) in FL5.12 Cells undergoing apoptosis induced by MK886.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology·2001
Same author

Pharmacokinetic study of intralesional cisplatin for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cancer·2001

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Cyclophosphamide is a widely used oral alkylating agent for various cancers and nonmalignant conditions.
  • Its therapeutic and toxic effects require metabolic activation, yet effective countermeasures are lacking.
  • Significant toxicities include hemorrhagic cystitis, immunosuppression, alopecia, and potential cardiotoxicity at high doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established toxicities of cyclophosphamide.
  • To discuss current strategies for mitigating cyclophosphamide-induced adverse effects.
  • To highlight the need for recognizing the risk of secondary malignancies, particularly bladder cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cyclophosphamide's pharmacology and clinical use.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of documented therapeutic benefits and toxicities.
  • Examination of existing and potential strategies for toxicity management.

    • Main Results:

    • Cyclophosphamide exhibits tumor selectivity but has a broad toxicity profile.
    • Hemorrhagic cystitis is managed by co-administration of protective agents.
    • The risk of secondary cancers, especially bladder cancer, increases with long-term use and survival.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite serious toxicities, cyclophosphamide remains a crucial chemotherapeutic agent.
    • Further research into drug activation pathways is essential for improving targeted therapy and reducing side effects.
    • Recognizing and managing cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities, including secondary malignancies, is critical for patient care.