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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Related Experiment Video

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Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Mouse Gastric Muscle Layers Using a Modified Swiss Roll Technique
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Lessons from the gastrin knockout mice.

Lennart Friis-Hansen1

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, KB3011, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. lfh@rh.dk <lfh@rh.dk>

Regulatory Peptides
|January 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Gastrin knockout mice lack stomach acid, leading to bacterial overgrowth, metaplasia, and gastric tumors. Gastrin deficiency also impacts pancreatic islets but does not hinder regeneration, offering insights into human disease.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone discovered a century ago, plays a role in gastric homeostasis and acid secretion.
  • Genetic and molecular tools, including knockout mice, have been developed to study gastrin's functions.
  • Gastrin deficiency's impact on gastric and pancreatic physiology, as well as carcinogenesis, is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the findings from gastrin-deficient mouse models.
  • To elucidate the role of gastrin in maintaining gastric homeostasis and controlling acid secretion.
  • To explore the implications of gastrin deficiency in pancreatic islet physiology and carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of gastrin and gastrin receptor knockout mice.

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Published on: October 18, 2018

  • Investigation of gastric acid secretion, cell morphology, and bacterial colonization.
  • Assessment of pancreatic islet function, regeneration capacity, and tumor development.

    • Main Results:

    • Gastrin knockout mice exhibit achlorhydria due to ECL and parietal cell inactivation.
    • Achlorhydria is linked to intestinal metaplasia, bacterial overgrowth, and gastric tumors.
    • Gastrin deficiency causes moderate fasting hypoglycemia and alters pancreatic islet physiology but does not impair regeneration.

    Conclusions:

    • Gastrin-deficient mice provide valuable models for understanding the physiological roles of gastrin.
    • Dysregulation of gastrin secretion may be implicated in various human diseases, including gastric tumors and metabolic disorders.
    • Further research is needed to establish the clinical relevance of gastrin's role in colorectal carcinogenesis.