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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Ovo Feeding of Commercial Broiler Eggs: An Accurate and Reproducible Method to Affect Muscle Development and Growth
06:38

In Ovo Feeding of Commercial Broiler Eggs: An Accurate and Reproducible Method to Affect Muscle Development and Growth

Published on: September 20, 2021

Gene expression in breast muscle and duodenum from low and high feed efficient broilers.

C Ojano-Dirain1, M Toyomizu, T Wing

  • 1Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA. cojano@uark.edu

Poultry Science
|January 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Broiler feed efficiency (FE) is linked to differences in energy metabolism gene expression in breast muscle and duodenum. Low FE broilers show altered mRNA levels for key mitochondrial and metabolic genes, suggesting tissue-specific regulation.

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Published on: August 4, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Feed efficiency (FE) in broilers is a critical economic trait influenced by complex biological processes.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for improving FE.
  • Gene expression patterns in different tissues may reveal underlying metabolic differences between high and low FE broilers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes related to energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis.
  • To compare gene expression in breast muscle and duodenum between broilers with low and high feed efficiency (FE).
  • To assess protein oxidation levels in the duodenal mucosa of broilers with differing FE.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression of specific genes (avANT, COX III, iNOS, PPAR-gamma, avPGC-1alpha, avian uncoupling protein).
  • Total RNA was extracted from snap-frozen breast muscle and duodenal tissues of male broilers categorized by FE.
  • Protein oxidation was measured as protein carbonyls in duodenal mucosa homogenate and mitochondrial fractions.

Main Results:

  • Protein carbonyls were elevated in the duodenal mucosa of low FE broilers.
  • Duodenal mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) was lower in low FE broilers.
  • Breast muscle showed lower mRNA expression of avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT) and cytochrome oxidase III (COX III) in low FE broilers, with higher avian uncoupling protein expression.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist in the mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism between low and high FE broilers.
  • Observed gene expression variations in breast muscle and duodenum suggest tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying feed efficiency.
  • These molecular differences may reflect inherent metabolic and gene regulation disparities contributing to varying feed efficiency in broilers.