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Related Concept Videos

Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Murine Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Coronary Artery Ligation: An Improved and Simplified Model for Myocardial Infarction
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Ludwig angina: forewarned is forearmed.

Michael J Kremer1, Tracy Blair

  • 1Nurse Anesthesia Department, College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.

AANA Journal
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Ludwig angina, a serious mouth floor cellulitis, requires prompt diagnosis and airway management. Early antibiotic and surgical interventions significantly reduce mortality from this potentially fatal condition.

Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Ludwig angina is a rapidly expanding cellulitis of the mouth floor.
  • It presents with bilateral floor of mouth and suprahyoid induration and tongue elevation.
  • Airway obstruction is a critical and potentially catastrophic complication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and management of Ludwig angina.
  • To emphasize the essential components of patient safety in managing this condition.
  • To review the historical and current treatment strategies for Ludwig angina.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and pathophysiology of Ludwig angina.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and immediate management priorities.

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  • Overview of therapeutic interventions including antibiotics and surgical options.

    • Main Results:

    • Despite decreasing incidence, Ludwig angina remains a significant disease due to potential airway compromise.
    • Accurate diagnosis and prompt airway control are paramount.
    • Antibiotic therapy and surgical management have drastically reduced mortality rates compared to the preantibiotic era.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of Ludwig angina hinges on early diagnosis, securing the airway, and appropriate medical and surgical treatment.
    • Aggressive and timely intervention is crucial for preventing fatal outcomes.
    • Modern treatment protocols have significantly improved survival rates for Ludwig angina patients.