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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

The imprinted H19 noncoding RNA is a primary microRNA precursor.

Xuezhong Cai1, Bryan R Cullen

  • 1Center for Virology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The H19 noncoding RNA acts as a precursor for a microRNA, endogenously expressed in human and mouse cells. This microRNA downregulates specific messenger RNAs, impacting vertebrate development.

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Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization
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Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization
08:22

Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization

Published on: September 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The function of the imprinted noncoding RNA H19, the first identified, remains largely unknown.
  • H19 is a conserved RNA with established roles in development, but its precise mechanism of action is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functional role of the H19 noncoding transcript.
  • To investigate the potential of H19 as a precursor for smaller regulatory RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Endogenous expression analysis of H19-derived small RNAs in human keratinocytes and neonatal mice.
  • Overexpression studies using H19 expression plasmids in mammalian cells.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify potential mRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a 23-nucleotide microRNA derived from H19.
  • Endogenous expression of this microRNA in human keratinocytes and neonatal mouse tissues.
  • Overexpression of H19 led to increased levels of the derived microRNA.
  • Demonstration that H19 functions as a primary microRNA precursor.

Conclusions:

  • H19 serves as a precursor for a functional microRNA.
  • H19-derived microRNA contributes to post-transcriptional gene regulation.
  • This mechanism plays a role in regulating specific messenger RNAs during vertebrate development.