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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

Published on: June 26, 2018

Expression and function of synaptotagmin VII in CTLs.

Kimberly T Fowler1, Norma W Andrews, James W Huleatt

  • 1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Synaptotagmin VII (Syt VII) is crucial for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function. Syt VII deficiency impairs CTLs

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Synaptotagmin (Syt) VII, a calcium sensor, regulates lysosome exocytosis.
  • In cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), calcium-regulated exocytosis of lytic granules mediates target cell lysis.
  • The precise role of Syt VII in CTL effector function remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Synaptotagmin VII in CTL effector function.
  • To determine the impact of Syt VII deficiency on CTL-mediated cytotoxicity and host defense.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized wild-type and Syt VII-deficient mouse models.
  • Examined Syt VII expression and localization in activated CTLs.
  • Assessed CTL proliferation, cytokine production, granule content, and cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo.

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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

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Purification of the Dendritic Filopodia-rich Fraction
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Purification of the Dendritic Filopodia-rich Fraction

Published on: May 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

Published on: June 26, 2018

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Purification of the Dendritic Filopodia-rich Fraction
11:51

Purification of the Dendritic Filopodia-rich Fraction

Published on: May 2, 2019

Main Results:

  • Syt VII is expressed upon CTL activation and localizes to lytic granules.
  • Syt VII-deficient mice showed impaired clearance of Listeria monocytogenes infection.
  • Syt VII-deficient CTLs exhibited normal proliferation, cytokine production, and granule polarization but reduced cytotoxic activity.
  • Syt VII regulates perforin-mediated cytolytic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptotagmin VII is essential for optimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function.
  • Syt VII plays a critical role in regulating perforin-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • Syt VII deficiency compromises host defense against intracellular pathogens.