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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Published on: January 9, 2019

Application of quantum dots to multicolor flow cytometry.

Pratip K Chattopadhyay¹, Joanne Yu, Mario Roederer

¹Immunotechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 24, 2007

Summary

Quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to antibodies enhance multicolor flow cytometry. This guide covers QD properties, conjugation methods, and selecting optimal QD-antibody combinations for advanced multicolor experiments.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Immunology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Traditional fluorescent dyes in flow cytometry face limitations in brightness and photostability.
Quantum dots offer superior optical properties, enabling more versatile multicolor analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce quantum dots (QDs) and their application in multicolor flow cytometry.
To detail the process of conjugating antibodies to QDs.
To provide guidance on selecting optimal QD-antibody combinations for multicolor experiments.

Main Methods:

Characterization of quantum dot properties relevant to flow cytometry.
Description of antibody conjugation protocols to quantum dots.
Development of strategies for multicolor panel design using QDs.

Main Results:

Quantum dots provide enhanced brightness, photostability, and a broad color spectrum compared to conventional fluorophores.
Successful conjugation of antibodies to QDs allows for specific target detection.
Established guidelines facilitate the selection of QD-antibody pairings for complex multicolor assays.

Conclusions:

Quantum dot-antibody conjugates represent a significant advancement in multicolor flow cytometry, offering increased versatility and performance.
The presented methods and strategies empower researchers to design and implement sophisticated multicolor flow cytometry experiments.
This approach expands the capabilities of flow cytometry for diverse biological and clinical applications.