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Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection after BCG vaccination

Shahla Afshar Paiman1, Ahmad Siadati, Setareh Mamishi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
|January 24, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated BCG disease, a rare but severe complication of tuberculosis vaccination, affected 17 young patients in Iran. Immune-compromised infants faced the highest risk, with a high mortality rate despite treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a standard tuberculosis preventative measure for newborns in Iran.
  • While generally safe, rare but serious complications can arise from BCG vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate disseminated BCG disease cases in children under 10 years old.
  • To identify risk factors and outcomes associated with disseminated BCG disease.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 17 pediatric cases admitted between 1995 and 2004.
  • Cases were identified by clinical presentation and histopathologic confirmation of acid-fast bacilli.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen cases occurred in infants under one year old; nine patients were female.
  • Ten cases (58.8%) were linked to immune deficiencies, including SCID, CGD, and T-cell defects.
  • Therapeutic responses were largely ineffective, leading to a high mortality rate.

Conclusions:

  • Disseminated BCG disease is an uncommon yet severe complication of BCG vaccination.
  • Immune-compromised infants are particularly vulnerable and have a poor prognosis.
  • Early consideration in at-risk populations is crucial for appropriate clinical management.

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