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Related Concept Videos

Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
08:24

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart

Published on: August 23, 2018

Unstable angina is accompanied by immune cells dysfunction.

Monica Neagu1, Gina Manda, Carolina Constantin

  • 1Victor Babes National Institute, Immunology Department, Romania. imunoc@vbabes.ro

Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cellular immune parameters, including lymphocyte proliferation and CD4+ T-lymphocytes, are altered in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Unstable angina shows significant changes, indicating inflammation and increased risk.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
08:24

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular immunology
  • Cellular immunology
  • Inflammation research

Background:

  • Inflammation is crucial in coronary heart disease (CHD) pathogenesis and prognosis.
  • Cellular immune responses are implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cellular immune parameters in stable and unstable angina.
  • To assess lymphocyte proliferative capacity and T-lymphocyte populations.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from stable and unstable angina patients.
  • Lymphocyte proliferation was measured using tritiated thymidine incorporation.
  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD4+ T-lymphocyte populations.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral lymphocytes showed enhanced basal proliferation and lectin-induced stimulation (P = 0.02/ P = 0.001).
  • Unstable angina patients exhibited significantly increased CD4+ T-lymphocytes (P = 0.0006).
  • Altered cellular immune parameters correlate with acute coronary syndrome development.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular immune alterations predict acute coronary syndrome development.
  • Unstable angina indicates an inflammatory syndrome with increased CHD risk.
  • These immune markers may predict plaque instability in coronary artery disease.