Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Posterior cerebellar degeneration associates with executive dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: a voxel-based and atlas-based morphometric study.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Differential recruitment of acetylcholine vesicle pools by electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization in cholinergic nerve terminals.

FEBS letters·2026
Same author

Structural covariance network alterations across the spectrum of cognitive status in Parkinson's disease.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Reduction in hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide enhances memory impairment in App<sup>NL-G-F</sup> KI mice.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Visible Tongue Fasciculations With Electromyographic Denervation in Autopsy-Proven Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Mimicking Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Teaching NeuroImage: Bilateral Posterior Limb Internal Capsule T2 Hyperintensity and Severe Cerebellar Atrophy in 2 Lifelong Friends.

Neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

[Function of HCNP/HCNP precursor in memory formation].

Noriyuki Matsukawa1, Kosei Ojika

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467 8601 Japan. norim@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide (HCNP) in young rats. This peptide stimulates acetylcholine synthesis, offering potential insights into Alzheimer's disease mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • The study investigates the role of target-derived trophic factors in neuronal function.
  • Alzheimer's disease is characterized by decreased acetylcholine levels and neuronal degeneration.

Purpose:

  • To identify and characterize novel peptides involved in cholinergic neurotransmission.
  • To explore the potential role of these peptides in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Summary:

  • A novel peptide, Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide (HCNP), was purified from young rat hippocampus.
  • HCNP induces acetylcholine synthesis in the medial septal nucleus and is released via NMDA receptor stimulation.
  • The HCNP precursor protein may regulate hippocampal neural activity by inhibiting Erk phosphorylation.

Impact:

  • HCNP and its precursor are potential key molecules for understanding the link between Abeta, tau, dendritic spine loss, and reduced acetylcholine in Alzheimer's brains.
  • This discovery could lead to new therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.