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Female athlete triad update.

Katherine A Beals1, Nanna L Meyer

  • 1Division of Nutrition, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Katherine.Beals@hsc.utah.edu <Katherine.Beals@hsc.utah.edu>

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|January 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Title IX opened sports doors for women, but some face the female athlete triad: disordered eating, menstrual issues, and low bone density. These conditions negatively impact health and athletic performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Women's Health
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Title IX (1972) significantly increased women's sports participation, offering benefits like improved fitness and self-esteem.
  • While generally positive, athletic pursuits can expose female athletes to specific health risks.
  • The pursuit of athletic success and body weight pressures are key contributing factors.

Observation:

  • A subset of female athletes develops a cluster of medical disorders.
  • This cluster includes disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD).
  • Collectively, these conditions are termed the female athlete triad.

Findings:

  • The female athlete triad encompasses disordered eating, amenorrhea, and low bone mass.
  • These disorders can occur independently or concurrently.
  • The triad poses significant risks to an athlete's overall health.

Implications:

  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for affected athletes.
  • Addressing the female athlete triad is vital for maintaining long-term health.
  • Preventative strategies should focus on balanced nutrition, training load management, and psychological support.

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