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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Distinct and common cortical activations for multimodal semantic categories.

R F Goldberg1, C A Perfetti, W Schneider

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. robg@psych.upenn.edu

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Semantic knowledge relies on specific brain regions for distinct sensory experiences. Similar perceptual features engage common neural areas, revealing how the brain organizes category information.

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Using Informational Connectivity to Measure the Synchronous Emergence of fMRI Multi-voxel Information Across Time
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Using Informational Connectivity to Measure the Synchronous Emergence of fMRI Multi-voxel Information Across Time

Published on: July 1, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

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Published on: November 9, 2011

Using Informational Connectivity to Measure the Synchronous Emergence of fMRI Multi-voxel Information Across Time
07:12

Using Informational Connectivity to Measure the Synchronous Emergence of fMRI Multi-voxel Information Across Time

Published on: July 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Semantic representations are thought to be grounded in perceptual experiences.
  • The brain's organization of category knowledge based on sensory features remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how distinct perceptual features of semantic categories map onto specific and common brain regions.
  • To explore the neural basis of multimodal sensory experiences in semantic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a similarity-based generation-and-comparison task.
  • Utilized neuroimaging techniques to observe brain activity during semantic tasks.
  • Analyzed cortical activation patterns associated with different sensory modalities and category types.

Main Results:

  • Semantic categories activated distinct cortical areas for taste/smell, biological motion, and visual processing.
  • Fruit names engaged taste/smell regions; body parts/clothing activated visual perception areas.
  • Visually biased categories activated ventral temporal regions; functional categories activated lateral frontotemporal areas.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic categories defined by unique perceptual properties recruit distinct brain regions.
  • Categories sharing similar perceptual features rely on common neural substrates.
  • This highlights a flexible organization of semantic knowledge in the brain based on sensory input.