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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation
Published on: August 4, 2023
[Preface and comments : multi-functions of orexin in physiological and pathological conditions--state of the art]
1Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605.
Abstract:
Recent advances in searching endogenous peptide ligands for multiple orphan receptors led to the identification of the new peptides, orexin-A and -B in the hypothalamus. Their function was initially considered to be associated with food consumption. However, these peptides have revealed their multiple functions in physiological and pathological conditions, such as sleep-wake control, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, pain modulation and so on. In the present reviews, I focused on the role of orexin on the norepinephrine and acetylcholine arousal system during anesthesia, the autonomic/endocrine regulation and pain pathways. These state-of-the-art reviews might contribute to the discoveries of the new functions of orexins in the anesthetic fields.
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