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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...

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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Two- and three-dimensional lanthanide complexes: synthesis, crystal structures, and properties.

Jun Xia1, Bin Zhao, Hong-Sheng Wang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesizes nine lanthanide coordination polymers using 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid, revealing three distinct framework structures influenced by lanthanide contraction. The ligand demonstrates versatility in assembling diverse metal-organic frameworks.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide coordination polymers are of interest due to their diverse structures and properties.
  • 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid is a potential ligand for constructing metal-organic frameworks.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships in lanthanide-based materials is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a series of lanthanide coordination polymers using 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid.
  • To investigate the structural diversity arising from lanthanide contraction.
  • To explore new coordination modes of the ligand and its potential as a bridging ligand.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of lanthanide polymers from lanthanide(III) nitrate salts and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination of nine isostructural complexes.
  • Analysis of structural variations attributed to the lanthanide contraction effect.

Main Results:

  • Nine lanthanide coordination polymers (1-9) were successfully synthesized.
  • Three distinct metal-organic framework structures were observed: 3D porous, 2D double-decker, and 2D monolayer.
  • Six new coordination modes for 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid were identified, highlighting its role as a bridging ligand.

Conclusions:

  • The lanthanide contraction effect drives the structural transformation from 3D to 2D frameworks.
  • 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid is a versatile ligand for constructing diverse lanthanide coordination polymers.
  • The synthesized materials exhibit interesting photophysical and magnetic properties for further investigation.