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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant, half-life,...
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...

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Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals
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Proper use of multidose vials.

Jeannette Y Wick1, Guido R Zanni

  • 1National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Improper handling of multidose vials (MDVs) leads to drug waste. Reinforcing staff education on proper procedures and the risks of contamination can improve adherence and reduce infections.

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare quality improvement
  • Infection control
  • Pharmacy practice

Background:

  • Multidose vials (MDVs) are frequently found misused or stored improperly during facility inspections.
  • This leads to the unnecessary disposal of expensive medications and biologics.
  • Inappropriate handling poses a risk of contamination and potential patient infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify strategies for improving staff awareness and adherence to proper multidose vial (MDV) handling procedures.
  • To reduce drug waste and prevent healthcare-associated infections.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of common causes for improper MDV handling, including job stress, time constraints, and staffing issues.
  • Identification of specific procedural shortcuts: inadequate hand hygiene, needle/syringe reuse, and failure to decontaminate vial stoppers.

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  • Emphasis on reinforcing staff understanding of the consequences of non-adherence.

    • Main Results:

    • Staff knowledge of proper MDV procedures is likely adequate, but external pressures lead to deviations.
    • Potential contamination from shortcuts is often overlooked due to its "out-of-sight, out-of-mind" nature.
    • Reinforcing the link between procedural errors and increased infection risk is key to improving adherence.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing systemic issues like staffing and time pressure is crucial for improving MDV handling.
    • Consistent education emphasizing the risks of contamination and infection is necessary for policy adherence.
    • Enhanced awareness and adherence to proper MDV handling protocols can minimize drug waste and enhance patient safety.