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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Dose to Pharmacological Effect01:28

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Dose to Pharmacological Effect

A drug’s dosage and pharmacokinetic properties determine how quickly it acts, how intense its effects are, and how long it lasts. Higher doses increase drug concentration at receptor sites, producing a hyperbolic curve when pharmacologic response is plotted against drug dose. Converting this scale to a log-linear format results in a sigmoidal curve, better representing dose–response relationships.For drugs following a one-compartment model, the pharmacologic response is directly proportional to...
Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles01:21

Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles

Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or within...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

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Published on: June 22, 2015

Microdosing: the new pharmacokinetic paradigm?

Guido R Zanni, Jeannette Y Wick

    The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
    |January 25, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Microdosing, using tiny radiolabeled drug doses in humans, offers a potential way to speed up drug development and cut costs. This method helps determine drug behavior in the body, though its full impact is still debated.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Development

    Background:

    • Drug development faces challenges including public scrutiny, high failure rates, and ethical concerns regarding animal research.
    • These factors necessitate innovative approaches to streamline the process.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and evaluate microdosing as a novel strategy in drug development.
    • To highlight its potential to reduce timelines and costs.

    Main Methods:

    • Microdosing involves administering very small, radiolabeled quantities of investigational agents to human subjects.
    • This technique is employed to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profile of new drug candidates.

    Main Results:

    • Microdosing can provide early insights into drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties.

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  • Potential to significantly reduce the need for extensive preclinical animal testing.

    • Conclusions:

    • Microdosing presents a promising approach to optimize drug development, offering potential time and cost savings.
    • While not universally accepted, its potential benefits in understanding drug behavior warrant further investigation.