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Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma).

Piero Picci1

  • 1Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Scientific Institution for Research Hospitalization and Health Care, Bologna, Italy. piero.picci@ior.it

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer, is now treatable with chemotherapy and surgery, improving cure rates significantly. Early detection and specialized care in bone tumor centers enhance outcomes for this aggressive skeletal malignancy.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is a rare, highly malignant primary bone tumor characterized by osteoid production.
  • It predominantly affects long bones in adolescents and young adults (10-25 years).
  • Historically, amputation offered poor prognoses, with cure rates under 10%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in osteosarcoma management.
  • To highlight the improved outcomes with modern multimodal treatment strategies.
  • To discuss prognostic factors influencing survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves plain radiographs, CT, MRI, angiography, and bone scintigraphy.
  • Treatment integrates pre- and postoperative chemotherapy with surgical intervention.

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  • Surgical approaches prioritize limb salvage, performed in specialized bone tumor centers.

    • Main Results:

    • Current multimodal therapy yields a 60-70% cure rate for localized osteosarcoma.
    • Limb salvage surgery is successful in over 90% of cases.
    • Prognosis remains poorer for axial skeleton tumors and metastatic disease (approx. 30% cure rate).

    Conclusions:

    • Modern treatment protocols have dramatically improved osteosarcoma survival rates.
    • Specialized centers and limb-sparing surgery are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Further research is needed for axial and metastatic osteosarcoma cases.