Hybrid Dysgenesis in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: Factors Affecting Chromosomal Contamination in the P-M System

The two interacting components of the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis are chromosomally associated elements called P factors and a susceptible cytoplasmic state referred to as M cytotype. Previous experiments have indicated that P factors are a family of multiple-copy transposable genetic elements dispersed throughout the genome of P strains but absent in long-established M strains.-Evidence is presented that the sterility and male recombination-inducing potential of P elements may be acquired by X chromosomes, derived from M strains, through nonhomologous association with P strain autosomes, a process referred to as "chromosomal contamination." The frequencies of chromosomal contamination of X chromosomes by P strain autosomes were highly variable and depended on a number of factors. M cytotype (as opposed to P cytotype) was essential for high frequencies of P factor contamination. There were large differences in contamination potential among individual female families, and a weak negative correlation existed between family size and contamination frequency. Chromosomal contamination in the P-M system was shown to be independent of that in the I-R system.-Frequency distributions suggested that the relationship between sterility production and P factor insertion is complex. The majority of P element transpositions, identified by in situ hybridization in one X chromosome, were not associated with gonadal sterility. However, high sterility potential was found to be associated with the presence of at least one P element inserted into the X chromosome. This potential was lost at a rate of about one-sixth per generation in M cytotype but was stabilized in P cytotype. Various hypotheses concerning the relationship between transposition and chromosomal contamination are discussed.