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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

R-stippled maize as a transposable element system.

W M Williams¹, K V Satyanarayana, J L Kermicle

¹Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

|July 1, 1984

Summary

The I-R element destabilizes kernel pigmentation, creating a stippled pattern. Mutations reveal this element can transpose and act as a modifier, intensifying seed spotting.

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Plant Science

Background:

The R locus controls kernel pigmentation in maize.
The I-R element at the R locus causes a variegated pattern known as stippled (R-st).
The I-R element can act as a modifier, intensifying seed spotting.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the I-R element in kernel pigmentation.
To understand the mechanism of I-R element transposition and its effect on gene expression.
To identify new modifiers of stippled phenotype.

Main Methods:

Analyzing mutations from R-st to R-sc.
Detecting I-R element presence by its modifier effect on R-st.
Studying transposition events during the second mitotic division in pollen grains.

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Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

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Main Results:

Mutations of R-st to R-sc often involved I-R element transposition.
Transposed I-R elements were detected as modifiers of stippled, similar to M-st.
Transposed I-R elements showed variable linkage to R and diverse strengths.
Overreplication of transposed I-R elements occurred during sperm-forming mitosis.

Conclusions:

The I-R element is mobile and its transposition can lead to changes in kernel pigmentation.
The modifier M-st may represent a transposed I-R element.
I-R element transposition is a source of genetic variation affecting gene expression.