Carbohydrates and the chemical industry: achievements and prospects

Carbohydrates are man's largest organic source of renewal energy both on land and in the sea. Whether consumed by man or animal, evolution has ensured that the enzymes in living cells use carbohydrates with conservation of that energy. Industries that make monomer carbohydrates dissipate the energy stored in its polymers. Prospects for future chemical and biochemical utilisation depend on remedying this tragedy and learning the lesson taught by nature.