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Tripsacum-maize interaction: a novel cytogenetic system.

J M de Wet¹, J R Harlan

¹Crop Evolution Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.

|September 1, 1974

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Intergeneric introgression between Tripsacum and Zea (maize) can introduce Tripsacum chromosomes into maize. Despite initial genomic mixing, backcrossing with maize eventually recovers maize plants, though some retain "tripsacoid" traits.

Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Evolutionary biology
Cytogenetics

Background:

The genera Zea (maize) and Tripsacum can hybridize, suggesting introgression may have influenced maize evolution.
Zea (x=10) and Tripsacum (x=9) genomes show limited cytological compatibility in initial hybrids.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cytological behavior and genetic introgression in intergeneric hybrids between Zea mays and Tripsacum dactyloides.
To understand the role of backcrossing and gametophytic selection in introgression and maize evolution.

Main Methods:

Creation of hybrids between Zea mays (2n=20) and Tripsacum dactyloides (2n=72).
Cytological analysis of chromosome associations in hybrids and backcrossed generations.
Assessment of genetic material exchange and morphological changes.

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Main Results:

Hybrids with 10 Zea and 36 Tripsacum chromosomes produced functional gametes with only Tripsacum chromosomes.
Backcrossing these hybrids with maize led to offspring with mixed Zea and Tripsacum chromosomes, exhibiting intergenome pairing.
Successive backcrosses with maize gradually eliminated Tripsacum chromosomes, recovering 2n=20 Zea plants, some with "tripsacoid" morphology.

Conclusions:

Intergeneric introgression between Zea and Tripsacum is cytologically feasible and can introduce Tripsacum genetic material into maize.
Gametophytic selection in successive backcrosses favors pure Zea genomes, ultimately eliminating most Tripsacum traits but not all.