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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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The Genetic Covariance between Characters Maintained by Pleiotropic Mutations.

R Lande1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.

Genetics
|January 1, 1980
PubMed
Summary

Pleiotropic mutations, where one gene affects multiple traits, primarily drive genetic correlations between characters. Linkage disequilibrium is minimal when selection is weak relative to recombination rates, simplifying the study of genetic covariance dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Statistical genetics

Background:

  • Understanding genetic correlations is crucial for evolutionary studies.
  • Pleiotropy is a common genetic mechanism influencing multiple traits.
  • The interplay of selection, linkage, and mating systems shapes genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a statistical genetic model for multivariate phenotypes.
  • To investigate the covariation of pleiotropic mutations under various evolutionary forces.
  • To derive equilibrium formulas and approximate expressions for genetic covariances.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical genetic modeling of multivariate phenotypes.
  • Derivation of equilibrium formulas for large, randomly mating populations.
  • Analysis of genetic covariances under conditions of weak selection and significant recombination.

Main Results:

  • Pleiotropy is identified as the primary driver of genetic correlations when linkage disequilibrium is negligible.
  • Negligible linkage disequilibrium occurs when selection is weak compared to recombination rates.
  • Approximate expressions for the dynamics of genetic covariances due to pleiotropic mutations were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • Pleiotropic mutations play a central role in shaping genetic covariance patterns.
  • The model provides insights into the evolution of genetic covariance, considering mutation, linkage, and selection.
  • Findings are relevant to understanding morphological integration and chromosomal organization.