Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Analgesic efficacy in women and men with cancer pain, treated with strong opioids: are there differences?

BMJ oncology·2026
Same author

Manifesto of the collaborative alliance for research and educationin surgery: the CARES network. "Surgical research must become amilestone of progress in patient care in Italy".

Updates in surgery·2026
Same author

CardioPulmonary resuscitation with <i>Ar</i>gon (CP<i>Ar)</i>: A protocol for a randomised controlled multicentre clinical trial.

Resuscitation plus·2025
Same author

[New European Pharmaceutical Legislation: a challenge to reconcile public health protection and market competitiveness].

Epidemiologia e prevenzione·2025
Same author

Do Not Let the Guard Down on Preventable Behavioral Risk Factors.

Journal of epidemiology·2025
Same author

[NNT and NNH: statistics and stochastics in the evaluation of added therapeutic value].

Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

[False innovations in clinical research].

Silvio Garattini1, Vittorio Bertele'

  • 1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|January 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pharmaceutical innovation is often overstated due to "false" innovations that prioritize commercial interests over patient well-being. Vigilance is crucial to identify and eliminate these, ensuring resources support genuinely effective and safe drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Health Economics
  • Medical Ethics

Context:

  • The perception of pharmaceutical innovation may not reflect reality, with 'false' innovations masking a decline in genuine advancements.
  • Factors influencing research, development, and post-marketing stages can be manipulated to create an illusion of novelty.
  • Commercial interests of drug companies can overshadow the primary objective of patient benefit.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the mechanisms contributing to 'false' pharmaceutical innovations.
  • To highlight how research and development processes can be diverted from patient interests.
  • To emphasize the need for regulatory and clinical vigilance against misleading innovations.

Summary:

  • Pharmaceutical innovation is undermined by 'false' innovations, where research and marketing practices prioritize commercial interests over patient needs.

More Related Videos

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

  • These practices influence study design, methodology, interpretation, and publication, creating a misleading image of novelty.
  • Identifying and removing 'false' innovations is essential to prevent resource waste and promote truly effective, safer drugs.

    • Impact:

    • False innovations can hinder the adoption of superior treatments and misallocate resources, impacting healthcare system efficiency.
    • Failure to recognize and address these issues discourages genuine research excellence and reduces pharmaceutical industry competitiveness.
    • Increased vigilance from regulators, healthcare providers, and patients is necessary to ensure the integrity of pharmaceutical development.