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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Facilitating the Analysis of Immunological Data with Visual Analytic Techniques
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Published on: January 2, 2011

[Perspectives in clinical immunology].

Giovanni Rolla1, Nicoletta Ferrero, Roberta Bergia

  • 1Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera, Torino. grolla@mauriziano.it

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|January 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

New biologic agents, including novel immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies, offer advanced therapies for autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. These treatments show significant clinical benefits, expanding options for non-responsive patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Transplantation

Background:

  • Advances in understanding immune mechanisms of autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
  • Development of novel immunosuppressive drugs and biologic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection.
  • To highlight the role of novel immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent pharmacological advancements and biologic therapies.
  • Focus on inhibitors of purine/pyrimidine synthesis, calcineurin, and mTOR.
  • Discussion of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokine receptors, inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and co-stimulatory pathways.

Main Results:

  • New drugs like mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, tacrolimus, and sirolimus are available.
  • Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-IL-2 receptor, anti-TNFalpha, anti-IL-1, rituximab, abatacept, efalizumab) demonstrate efficacy.
  • These agents provide salutary clinical effects and expanded therapeutic options.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biologic agents have significantly improved treatment for autoimmune conditions and transplant rejection.
  • These therapies offer hope for patients with refractory disease.
  • Ongoing research aims to optimize existing treatments and explore new applications.