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Related Concept Videos

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton01:18

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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

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Phosphoinositides specify polarity during epithelial organ development.

Frank I Comer1, Carole A Parent

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg. 37, Room 2066, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cell
|January 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The phosphatase PTEN and PI(4,5)P2 regulate Cdc42 and aPKC to establish cell polarity during epithelial development. This research clarifies key molecular mechanisms in tissue architecture.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial morphogenesis relies on cellular polarity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding how cells establish distinct domains is crucial for tissue development and function.

Discussion:

  • PTEN and PI(4,5)P2 act as critical regulators in this process.
  • These molecules influence the GTPase Cdc42 and kinase aPKC signaling pathways.

Key Insights:

  • PTEN and PI(4,5)P2 are essential for generating the apical plasma membrane domain.
  • They play a vital role in maintaining apical-basolateral polarity in epithelial cells.

Outlook:

  • This study provides a foundation for further investigation into polarity regulation.
  • Future research can explore therapeutic targets for diseases associated with polarity defects.