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Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

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Application methods affect phosphorus-induced lead immobilization from a contaminated soil.

Joon Ki Yoon¹, Xinde Cao, Lena Q Ma

¹Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality

|January 27, 2007

Summary

Phosphate rock and phosphoric acid effectively immobilize lead (Pb) in contaminated soils. Mixing both with soil and layering phosphate rock proved most effective for reducing Pb leachability and mobility.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Soil Science
Geochemistry

Background:

Lead (Pb) contamination in soils poses significant environmental and health risks.
Phosphate rock (PR) and phosphoric acid (PA) are recognized for their potential to immobilize heavy metals like Pb.
Optimizing PR and PA application methods is crucial for effective soil remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of different application methods of PR and PA for immobilizing Pb in contaminated soil.
To compare the impact of mixing versus layering PR and applying PA in single or multiple doses.
To assess the reduction in leachable Pb using TCLP-Pb and PBET-Pb.

Main Methods:

A column experiment was conducted using contaminated soil treated with PR and PA at a P/Pb molar ratio of 4.
PR was applied either mixed with soil or as a layer; PA was applied as an aqueous solution.
Incubation for 4 weeks followed by analysis of total and soluble Pb and P, TCLP-Pb, and PBET-Pb.

Main Results:

Phosphate application significantly reduced leachable Pb below the EPA standard in all treatments.
Mixing both PR and PA with soil maximally reduced TCLP-Pb (up to 95%) and PBET-Pb (25-42%).
Layering PR effectively reduced Pb migration (73-79%) and mitigated soil acidification and P eutrophication.

Conclusions:

Phosphate application is a viable strategy for immobilizing Pb in contaminated soils.
Combining soil mixing of PR and PA with PR layering offers a robust remediation approach.
This method effectively reduces Pb leachability, bioavailability, and mobility while minimizing adverse environmental impacts.