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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
Published on: June 23, 2023
[Rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body. Obsolute procedure?]
Carlos Alberto Montero-Cantú1, Belia Garduño-Chávez, Abelardo Elizondo-Ríos
1Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Medaro y Gonzalitos s/n, Col. Mitras, Centro, 64460 Monterrey, México. cmontero@fm.uanl.mx
Foreign body aspiration, though rare, can be life-threatening and difficult to diagnose. This case highlights successful removal of unusual river stones from the bronchial tree using rigid bronchoscopy.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Emergency Medicine
- Medical Case Reports
Background:
- Foreign body aspiration is a medical emergency requiring prompt intervention.
- Misdiagnosis can occur due to subtle or absent symptoms, leading to severe complications.
- Minimally invasive techniques like bronchoscopy have improved foreign body removal success rates.
Observation:
- A patient with epilepsy presented with an unusual foreign body aspiration.
- The aspirated foreign bodies were identified as river stones.
- The stones were lodged within the left bronchial tree.
Findings:
- Rigid bronchoscopy was successfully employed for foreign body removal.
- The procedure enabled the extraction of the river stones.
- This case demonstrates the efficacy of bronchoscopy for complex aspirations.
Implications:
- Highlights the importance of considering foreign body aspiration even with atypical presentations.
- Underscores the utility of rigid bronchoscopy in managing challenging bronchial foreign bodies.
- Provides insights into managing foreign body aspiration in patients with underlying neurological conditions like epilepsy.
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Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

