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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Delirium and cognitive dysfunction in the intensive care unit.

Russell R Miller1, E Wesley Ely

  • 1Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Health Services Research, 6th Floor Medical Center East 6100, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA. russell.miller@vanderbilt.edu

Current Psychiatry Reports
|January 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is common and has serious consequences. Early detection using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU tool aids in managing this critical condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Delirium is a prevalent, under-recognized organ dysfunction in the ICU.
  • Identifying risk factors, particularly modifiable ones, is crucial for delirium management.
  • The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a validated tool for delirium detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk factors, sequelae, and management strategies for delirium in the ICU.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for critically ill patients.
  • To summarize current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to delirium.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on delirium in the ICU.
  • Validation and application of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).
  • Analysis of the impact of delirium on patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Delirium is associated with increased mortality, hospital costs, and length of stay.
  • It leads to extubation failure and long-term cognitive impairment.
  • The CAM-ICU tool is reliable for bedside detection by various healthcare professionals.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of ICU delirium requires awareness of risk factors and early detection.
  • While evidence is evolving, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are being explored.
  • Improved understanding and management of delirium can mitigate its severe consequences.