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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
Published on: February 11, 2017
The relationships among anxiety, anger, and blood pressure in children
Carol C Howell1, Marti H Rice, Myra Carmon
1Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing, Georgia State University, PO Box 4019, Atlanta, GA 30302-4019, USA. chowell@gsu.edu
Abstract:
Relationships between anger and anxiety have been examined in adults but less frequently in children. This investigation explored relationships among trait anxiety, trait anger, anger expression patterns, and blood pressure in children. The participants were 264 third- through sixth-grade children from five elementary schools who completed Jacob's Pediatric Anger and Anxiety Scale and Jacob's Pediatric Anger Expression Scale and had their blood pressure measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics and hierarchical regression. Results have implications for the way in which anxiety and anger are perceived in children and the importance of teaching children to deal with emotions.
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