Related Experiment Videos

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants treated with azithromycin

Wynne Morrison1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. morrisonw@email.chop.edu

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 30, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Premature triplets hospitalized with pertussis symptoms were treated with azithromycin. Two infants later developed and required surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a potential complication.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Premature infants are susceptible to severe respiratory infections.
  • Pertussis (whooping cough) can present with varied symptoms in neonates.
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a congenital anomaly affecting the gastric outlet.

Observation:

  • Seven-week-old premature triplets presented with rhinorrhea, cough, and emesis.
  • One infant tested positive for Bordetella pertussis.
  • All triplets received azithromycin for suspected pertussis.

Findings:

  • Two infants were diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis post-pertussis treatment.
  • Both affected infants underwent successful surgical pyloromyotomies.
  • The timing suggests a possible association or coincidence.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering HPS in premature infants with respiratory symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of pertussis in neonates are crucial.
  • Further investigation may be warranted to explore potential links between pertussis infection/treatment and HPS development in premature infants.

Related Concept Videos

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy

Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...