[Surgical treatment of breathing troubles in children's upper respiratory tract]

The reaction of child's organism to harmful factors is different than that of an adult. The child's organism has greater possibility of regeneration and is still developing. All this should be considered when planning conservative and especially surgical therapy for a patient of formative age. This paper describes in detail surgical therapy of the nases, especially possible reconstruction of the ala nasi, which in this case is of particular importance. It presents modern principles of the surgery of septum deformation and bone pyramids deformation in the nose. The possibility was demonstrated concerning the reconstruction of cartilage deficit in the nasal septum with specials regard for the growth of middle face. Also described are the present day methods of surgery of choane imperforation. Particular attention was devoted to advantages and disadvantages of the surgery through the nasal cavity or through pallatum. The rules have been described concerning preoperative activities as well as preliminary diagnostics and successive stages of surgery specific to patient in the formative years is most frequent diagnosis of congenital anomalies. The children's most frequent congenital anomalies have been discussed and (in the author's opinion) the best way of the operative treatment has been suggested. On the basis of literature and author's own experience endoscopic surgery of the nose and paranasal sinuses have been presented along with preoperative diagnostic, indications for the surgery, and suitable methods as well as against possible complications.