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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
HIV type 1 diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Burundi
Nicole Vidal1, Theodore Niyongabo, Jean Nduwimana
1UMR145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
Abstract:
In 2002, an HIV surveillance study was performed among more than 5500 individuals representing the general population of urban and rural districts in Burundi. In this report, we genetically characterized a subset of the HIV-1-positive samples identified during this survey, including all the HIV-positive samples from Bujumbura, the capital city, and samples from one semiurban and one rural district. One hundred and nineteen samples were genetically characterized in the V3-V5 region of the env gene and/or in the protease and reverse transcriptase region of the pol gene. Phylogenetic analysis of 101 env/pol sequences revealed that the HIV-1 epidemic in Burundi was driven by subtype C (81.2%), followed by subtype A (7.9 %) and polC/envA recombinants (5.9%). One major mutation associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the pol gene, as defined by the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel, was observed in one individual, but many minor resistance-associated mutations were also present in the majority of the samples.
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