Lipomembranous changes and calcification associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lipomembranous changes are histological findings without specific clinical correlations, and are thought to be related to vascular impairment in fatty tissue. We describe a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in which subcutaneous induration of the lower leg showed lipomembranous changes and calcification. This patient showed thrombophilia with thrombosis of the femoral and iliac veins, and cerebellar and myocardial infarction. A biopsy specimen from the subcutaneous tissue surrounding the multiple leg ulcers revealed degeneration of fat cells, lipomembranous changes in the fatty tissues, and calcification. Another biopsy specimen from the outer edges of the ulcers showed microthrombi and fibrinoid changes in the vessel walls, and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the dermis. Lipomembranous changes have been seen in connective tissue disorders such as lupus profundus, morphoea, systemic sclerosis, and panniculitis associated with dermatomyositis, but rarely associated with SLE. We speculate that ischaemic changes due to the vascular disturbance of the lower legs may have induced lipomembranous changes and calcification in the subcutaneous tissues in the present case.