Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

RHO1-2 meganuclease gene editing targets human P23H rhodopsin-induced retinitis pigmentosa to rejuvenate rods and maintain cones.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Mice deficient of G-protein coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) developed severe experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through increased effector T cell activities.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2025
Same author

Involvement of tdTomato-Tagged RPE cells in a mouse PVR model with enzymatically compromised retina.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Metabolic transcriptomics dictate responses of cone photoreceptors to retinitis pigmentosa.

Cell reports·2024
Same author

Colorimetric Analyses of the Optic Nerve Head and Retina Indicate Increased Blood Flow After Vitrectomy.

Translational vision science & technology·2024
Same author

Short chain fatty acids inhibit corneal inflammatory responses to TLR ligands via the ocular G-protein coupled receptor 43.

The ocular surface·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Preparation and Analysis of Histological Slides of Rat and Mouse Eyeballs to Evaluate the Retina
07:01

Preparation and Analysis of Histological Slides of Rat and Mouse Eyeballs to Evaluate the Retina

Published on: August 23, 2024

Anatomy and function of the eye.

Henry J Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky., USA.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|February 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This chapter explores ocular immune privilege, detailing the eye's unique anatomical and physiological features that maintain this specialized immune environment. Understanding these aspects is crucial for comprehending eye immunology.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The eye possesses a unique immune system that differs significantly from the rest of the body.
  • Ocular immune privilege is a critical concept in understanding eye diseases and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise description of the normal eye's function and anatomy.
  • To establish the foundation for understanding ocular immune privilege in subsequent chapters.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive review of ocular anatomy.
  • Explanation of physiological functions relevant to immune response.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of the eye's structural components.
  • Explanation of how these structures contribute to immune homeostasis.

More Related Videos

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis
04:41

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

Published on: May 24, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Preparation and Analysis of Histological Slides of Rat and Mouse Eyeballs to Evaluate the Retina
07:01

Preparation and Analysis of Histological Slides of Rat and Mouse Eyeballs to Evaluate the Retina

Published on: August 23, 2024

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis
04:41

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

Published on: May 24, 2015

Conclusions:

  • The normal anatomy and physiology of the eye are fundamental to its immune privilege.
  • This chapter serves as a basis for further exploration of ocular immunology.