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Corneal antigen-presenting cells.

Pedram Hamrah1, M Reza Dana

  • 1Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|February 1, 2007
PubMed
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Corneal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are found in the central cornea, challenging previous beliefs. These cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), play a role in immune responses and corneal transplant rejection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Corneal immune privilege was historically attributed to a lack of resident immune cells.
  • Recent findings indicate the presence of bone marrow-derived cells, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in both central and peripheral cornea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of corneal antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
  • To understand the role of corneal APCs in immune responses and transplant rejection.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of bone marrow-derived cells in the central and peripheral cornea.
  • Analysis of dendritic cell (DC) maturation and migration during inflammation.
  • Investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in DC trafficking and transplant rejection.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • The central cornea harbors immature/precursor-type dendritic cells (DCs), while the periphery has mature and immature DCs.
  • Corneal DCs mature during inflammation, expressing MHC class II and costimulatory molecules.
  • Donor-derived DCs migrate to lymph nodes and activate T cells, contributing to transplant rejection, a process partly regulated by VEGFR-3.

Conclusions:

  • The cornea is not immune privileged due to a lack of immune cells but actively participates in immune responses.
  • Corneal DCs, particularly their immature phenotype, contribute to immune privilege.
  • Targeting VEGFR-3 signaling can suppress corneal DC trafficking and transplant rejection.