Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin networks...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been reported.
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Orthogonal cation and anion template-directed synthesis of a heteroditopic [3]catenane for ion-pair recognition.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding fluorescent anion sensing at the solid-liquid interface.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Enhanced Cooperative Lithium Halide Recognition by Heteroditopic Halogen Bonding (XB) Macrocycles.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

A halogen bonding BODIPY-appended aza-crown ether for selective optical sensing of inorganic and organic ion-pair species.

Chemical science·2025
Same author

Non-Symmetrical Tetradentate Mixed Halogen Bonding-Hydrogen Bonding Macrocycles for Anion Recognition in Aqueous-Organic Media.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2025
Same author

Publisher Correction: Amphoteric chalcogen-bonding and halogen-bonding rotaxanes for anion or cation recognition.

Nature chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

Anion templated assembly of mechanically interlocked structures.

Matthew S Vickers1, Paul D Beer

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR.

Chemical Society Reviews
|February 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review details chemical templation for synthesizing mechanically interlocked structures. A new anion templation strategy using chloride anions enables versatile synthesis and creates selective anion-binding rotaxanes and catenanes.

More Related Videos

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
07:26

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

Published on: November 21, 2013

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
07:26

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

Published on: November 21, 2013

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Chemical templation is crucial for constructing complex molecular architectures.
  • Mechanically interlocked structures (MIS) like rotaxanes and catenanes require precise synthetic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of chemical templation in MIS synthesis.
  • To highlight a general anion templation strategy combining anion recognition and ion-pairing.
  • To showcase the synthesis and anion-binding properties of novel MIS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing negatively charged template species for MIS synthesis.
  • Developing a general anion templation strategy.
  • Synthesizing interpenetrated pseudorotaxane, rotaxane, and catenane structures using chloride anion templation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated versatility of anion templation for MIS synthesis.
  • Mechanically interlocked rotaxanes and catenanes selectively bind anions post-template removal.
  • Identified electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions for anion binding.

Conclusions:

  • Anion templation provides a powerful route to complex mechanically interlocked structures.
  • Synthesized MIS exhibit selective anion binding, particularly for chloride.
  • Incorporation of signaling groups suggests potential for chemical sensor applications.