[Procedure for critical nonsurgical bleeding]

The improvement of surgical and nonsurgical approaches to control bleeding offers new strategies for overcoming coagulopathy. Massive hemorrhage is usually caused by a combination of surgical and coagulopathic bleeding. Coagulopathy is multifactorial and results from the dilution and consumption of both platelets and coagulation factors and dysfunction of the coagulation system. Blood component therapy continues to be a mainstay for this coagulopathy-related bleeding. However, the transfusion of red blood cells has been shown to be associated with post-injury infection and multiple organ failure. Therefore it is crucial to develop a clear strategy for correcting coagulopathy, preventing exsanguination, and minimizing the need for blood transfusion.